Nkikigo cyihariye cyumutekano muke, inzugi zumutekano zikora nkumurongo wingenzi wokwirinda kurinda ibintu byagaciro n amafaranga ahantu nka banki, ububiko bwimitako, inzu ndangamurage, ninzego za leta. Mugihe ibyifuzo byumutekano bikomeje kwiyongera, ibipimo bya tekiniki nigishushanyo mbonera cyimiryango yumutekano nacyo kiratera imbere. Ibikurikira bitanga intangiriro yuzuye kumiryango itekanye uhereye kubintu byinshi.
Ibisobanuro nibisobanuro byibanze
Urugi rw'inzu ni urugi rwihariye rwashyizwe ku bwinjiriro cyangwa gusohoka mu bubiko, rutanga urugero rwo kurwanya kwangiza. Igizwe nicyiciro cyimiryango idasanzwe yo kurwanya ubujura. Dukurikije igipimo cy’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa “Ibisabwa muri tekiniki rusange ku miryango ya Vault” (GB 37481-2019), inzugi z’ububiko zicungwa na Minisiteri y’umutekano rusange kandi zigengwa n’ibipimo by’igihugu biteganijwe. Nibikoresho byingenzi byo gukumira ibyaha.
Imiterere yibanze yumuryango wububiko ikubiyemo ibice byingenzi nkibikoresho byumuryango, ikibabi cyumuryango, gufunga kurwanya ubujura, uburyo bwa bolt, igikoresho cyo gufungura, n irembo ryumunsi. Module yinyongera ikora nkigihe cyo gufunga hamwe nibikoresho bitarinda amazi birashobora kongerwaho nkuko bikenewe. Byashizweho kugirango bitange umutekano mwinshi cyane kandi wizewe, birinda ibintu byagaciro mububiko bwubujura nibindi byinjira bitemewe.
Ubwihindurize bwamateka niterambere
Amateka yinzugi zifite umutekano guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, igihe amabanki n'amasosiyete y'ubwishingizi byatangiraga gukoresha inzugi zitagira amasasu. Izi nzugi zabanje gukorwa kugirango zirwanye kwinjira ku gahato, ubujura, n'ibitero bitwaje intwaro. Mu Bushinwa, inganda z'umuryango zifite umutekano zateye imbere mu myaka mirongo ibiri, kandi ibipimo bya tekiniki bijyanye byakomeje kunonosorwa. Ihame rya GB 37481-2019, ryashyizwe ahagaragara muri 2019, ni itegeko ry’igihugu riteganijwe gutegurwa hashingiwe ku bunararibonye bw’inganda kandi hashingiwe ku iterambere ry’umutekano rusange n’ibibazo byo kurwanya iterabwoba. Yatangiye gukurikizwa ku mugaragaro ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2020.
Ibyiciro by'ibicuruzwa n'inzego
Gutondekanya muburyo bwo gufungura uburyo
Inzugi zo kubitsa zifite umutekano zashyizwe mubyiciro bitatu ukurikije uko zifungura:
Ikibabi kimwe gusa swing umutekano wabitswe: Igizwe n'ikibabi kimwe kizunguruka hamwe n'ikariso ihamye y'umuryango, kandi irakosowe kandi irakingurwa kandi ifunze hinges cyangwa impeta kuruhande rwumuryango.
Kabiri-amababi ya swing umutekano wabitswe: Igizwe n'ibibabi bibiri byuzuzanya hamwe n'ikadiri y'umuryango ihamye, kandi irakosowe kandi irakingurwa kandi ifunze hinges cyangwa impeta kuruhande rwumuryango.
Kunyerera urugi rwo kubitsa neza: Igizwe n'inzugi zinyerera hamwe n'ikariso ihamye, kandi irakingurwa kandi ifunzwe namababi agenda abangikanye n'umuhanda. Byongeye kandi, hariho ibishushanyo byihariye byinzugi zo kubitsa neza hamwe numuryango wo hagati, aho urugi rwo gusohoka byihutirwa rushyirwa kumababi.
Gutondekanya kurwego rwo kurinda
Inzugi zububiko zishyizwe mubyiciro byinshi bitewe no kurwanya kwangiza:
UMWIGISHA: Urwego rwo hasi rwo kurinda, hamwe na net yo kurwanya kwangiza iminota 15, kandi yubatswe hakoreshejwe ibyuma bya 5mm.
Igisubizo: Iminota 30 yo kurwanya kwangiza, yubatswe hifashishijwe ibyuma 7mm byibyuma, iminota 30 yo kurwanya ihohoterwa, hamwe n’umuriro ntarengwa w’amasaha 2.
B.
C.
D na E: Ibi bitanga ubundi buryo bwo guhangana n’ibisasu usibye kwangiza gakondo, hamwe nigihe cyo kurwanya kwangiza iminota 120 na 180.
Ibyingenzi bya tekiniki
Ibiranga imiterere
Igishushanyo mbonera cyumuryango wububiko gitanga ibintu byinshi birinda:
Ibisabwa byuzuye bikurikizwa kumababi yumuryango no kumurongo wumuryango. Inzugi z'amababi imwe gusa zisaba inzira-eshatu zingana na ≥20mm, hamwe n’ikinyuranyo cya mm5mm.
Inzugi zibiri zibiri zisaba ≥30mm guhuzagurika hagati yamababi, kandi inzugi zidakoreshwa zifite ibikoresho byo hejuru no hepfo.
Inzugi zinyerera zisaba ≥80mm guhuzagurika hagati yo gufungura no gufungura urugi, hamwe nu mwanya wa ≤5mm.
Uburyo bwa bolt burashobora kwihanganira 3000N yumuvuduko wuruhande kandi buracyakora neza.
Ibikoresho byumutekano
Urugi rwa vault rufite ibikoresho byinshi byumutekano:
Igikoresho cyo gukuramo: Iyo uburyo bwa bolt cyangwa gufunga byafunguwe byangiza, birinda uburyo bwa bolt kugenda cyangwa kubuza umuryango gufungura.
Gufunga igihe: Muburyo bwa elegitoronike birinda gufungura bisanzwe mugihe cyagenwe.
Irembo ry'umunsi: Inzitizi iherereye imbere cyangwa hanze yikibabi cyumuryango gitanga kwitegereza, guhumeka, hamwe na bariyeri iyo umuryango wububiko ufunguye.
Sisitemu yo gufunga
Inzugi zububiko zisanzwe zifite ibikoresho bibiri cyangwa byinshi byigenga bikoreshwa mukurwanya ubujura. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo:
Gufunga imashini: SG6731 ifunga imashini ifunga yatumijwe muri Amerika, UL yemejwe, byibuze byibuze 1.000.000.
Ifunga rya elegitoronike: Irashobora guhuzwa nizindi sisitemu, ariko irashobora kunanirwa na elegitoroniki.
Gufunga urutoki: Ikoranabuhanga ryibinyabuzima ryongera umutekano.
Igihe gifunze: Gabanya igihe cyo kwinjira.
Ifunga rya banki (gufunga urufunguzo-ebyiri): Saba icyarimwe gukoresha imfunguzo ebyiri.
Ibikoresho bigezweho birashobora gukoresha sisitemu yo gufunga ibintu bitatu, kwemerera umuryango gukingurwa ufungura icyaricyo cyose gifunze. Ibi bitanga ubworoherane bwimikorere nubucucike.
Ibikoresho nibikorwa byo gukora
Inzugi zububiko zubatswe mubikoresho bitandukanye-bikora neza:
Ibyuma: Kurwanya ruswa, gukomeza kurwanya ingese nziza ndetse no mubidukikije.
Amavuta adasanzwe: Nka Longdian idasanzwe ivanze, itanga arc irwanya, irwanya imyitozo, igabanya ubukana, irwanya pry, hamwe n’umuriro.
Imiterere: Imiterere isanzwe ikubiyemo ibice byinshi bigize ibice bigizwe na 1,2mm yuburebure bwogejwe ibyuma bidafite ibyuma, icyuma cya 12mm cyibanze cyibanze kirinda ibyuma, icyuma cya manganese anti-drill plaque, hamwe nuwuzuza umuriro.
Ibisabwa bikenewe mubikorwa byo gukora:
Ibice byose byibyuma (usibye ibyuma) bigomba gufatwa ningamba zo kurinda ruswa nko gutera no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
Ubuso buringaniye bwikariso yumuryango nibibabi byumuryango bigomba kuba ≤3mm / m². Ibisabwa bikabije byo gutandukana bibaho hagati ya diagonal y'imbere yikadiri yumuryango na diagonal yo hanze yikibabi cyumuryango.
Ibiranga
Inzugi zigezweho zifite umutekano zitanga ibintu byinshi byo kurinda:
Kurwanya ubujura: Irinda ibitero hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye, harimo ibikoresho bisanzwe byamaboko, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byoroshye, nibikoresho byabigenewe byihariye.
Amashanyarazi: Inzego zitandukanye zo kurinda umuriro zitanga amasaha 1.5 kugeza kuri 6 yo kurinda umuriro.
Amashanyarazi: Inzugi zidafite amazi zishobora kwihanganira kwinjira mu burebure bwa metero 5 mu masaha 24.
Ibisasu biturika: Ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa D na E biranga imbaraga zo guhangana n’ibisasu.
Kurwanya umurizo: Inzugi ebyiri z'umuryango hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwo gufunga birinda kwinjira bitemewe.
Ikirangantego
Inzugi zo kubitsa zifite umutekano zikoreshwa cyane ahantu hatandukanye-umutekano:
Ibigo by'imari: Ibigega bya banki hamwe n’ibigo bitunganya amafaranga nibyo byifuzo byibanze kumiryango yabitswe neza.
Umwanya w'ubucuruzi: Amaduka yimitako, amazu yatejwe cyamunara, nahandi hantu habikwa ibintu byagaciro.
Inzego z'umuco: Inzu ndangamurage, ububiko, n'ahandi hantu hasigara ibisigisigi by’umuco n’ibihangano.
Inzego za Leta: Kubika inyandiko zibanga, intwaro, nibindi bintu byihariye.
Abikorera: Inzu zohejuru zohejuru hamwe nicyegeranyo cyigenga.
Kwinjiza no Kubungabunga
Ibisabwa
Gushiraho urugi rwo kubitsa neza bifite ibisabwa byihariye:
Igomba gushyirwaho kurukuta rwa beto rukomeye 300-800mm.
Ikadiri yumuryango igomba gusudirwa neza kuri rebar iva kurukuta, hamwe nintera iri hagati ya weld yegeranye ≤250mm. Inzugi zinyerera amashanyarazi zigomba kugira anti-pinch hanyuma igahagarara mugihe uhuye nikibazo cya ≥98N.
Kwishyiriraho impuruza, sisitemu yo kugenzura, nibindi bikoresho ntibigomba guhungabanya umutekano wumuryango wabitswemo umutekano wo kurwanya kwangiza.
Kubungabunga
Kubungabunga neza birashobora kwagura ubuzima bwumuryango wawe:
Sukura ibyuma bidafite ingese buri gihe ukoresheje umwenda woroshye, wirinde gukoresha imiti.
Mubisanzwe usige amavuta impeta, gufunga ibihingwa, nibindi bice byimashini.
Fungura kandi ufunge umuryango gahoro gahoro kugirango wirinde ingaruka nibintu bikarishye.
Buri gihe ugenzure imikorere yibice byingenzi, nkuburyo bwo gufunga no gusubiramo.
